Unit 9 values and planning free essay sample

PUBLIC OFFICALS essays

Open OFFICALS expositions I accept that character attributes are significant in open authorities, on account of may various reasons, First off, I accept that on the off chance that one is going to undermine their life partner that is there own private concern. Be that as it may, by doing this they are getting their activities to the activity; I don't concur with open authorities that behave as such. By having these illicit relationships, they are bringing the mentalities and change of their states of mind in to office. I accept that if an open authority is having an unsanctioned romance, the person in question is out of line to be in office. That official when hitched, takes a pledge to be reliable, have sense of pride, and trustworthiness. On the off chance that they can not hold a guarantee to their own family, for what reason would it be a good idea for me to accept that they will keep a guarantee to we the individuals of people in general? It is anyway a further developed situation to be in as an open authority, you should live to a higher stander of life. Having said that, I accept that these individuals must have trustworthiness to all whom they come in to contact with. At the point when one settles on a decision to turn into an open authority, they are fundamentally putting their lives and their familys lives under the open eye. They recognize what they are getting into, and that individuals will see them as good examples. On the off chance that they dont have the character, to hold office, they should leave it to somebody who can. This is the view point that came too me when gotten some information about this issue. Everybody has an alternate perspective on what they think ought to be permitted in to an open office or in person settling on choices for the individuals of the United States. ... <!

Having Both PTSD Borderline Personality Disorder

Having Both PTSD Borderline Personality Disorder PTSD Related Conditions Print Having Both PTSD Borderline Personality Disorder By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on November 24, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children What are the consequences of being diagnosied with both BPD and PTSD?. Istockphoto.com/Stock Photo ©KatarzynaBialasiecwicz In This Article Table of Contents Expand PTSD and BPD  Co-Occurrence Symptoms BPD Diagnosis Treatment View All What are the consequences of having both borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? What should this mean with regard to treatment? PTSD and BPD  Co-Occurrence PTSD and borderline personality disorder (BPD) have been found to commonly co-occur. In fact, it has been found that anywhere between 25 and approximately 60 percent of people with BPD also have PTSDâ€"a rate much higher than what is seen in the general population. Why are these two disorders so interrelated? BPD and PTSD have both been found to stem from the experience of traumatic events.?? The thoughts, feelings, and behaviors seen in BPD are often the results of childhood traumas. These childhood traumas may also place a person at risk for developing PTSD. In fact, people with both BPD and PTSD report the earlier experience of trauma as compared to people with just PTSD. The impulsive behaviors and unstable relationships are seen among people with BPD may also place a person at greater risk of experiencing a traumatic event such as a motor vehicle accident, physical assault or sexual assault. Finally, the symptoms of PTSD and BPD also overlap. For example, individuals with PTSD may have difficulties managing their emotions. Therefore, they may experience intense feelings and have constant mood swings. They may also experience problems with anger. People with PTSD, especially those who lost a loved one, may also begin to fear abandonment. It is not only BPD, however;  PTSD is associated with several different personality disorders.?? Symptoms A number of studies have looked at the physical and psychological consequences of having both PTSD and BPD. It has generally been found that people with both diagnoses experience more psychological and physical difficulties, including, for example: Overall general distressOther psychiatric disordersDepressionAnxietyObsessive-compulsive symptomsWorse perceived healthImpulsivitySuicidal thoughtsMore hospitalizationsAnger problemsDissociationInterpersonal problems As noted above, there are many consequences of experiencing both PTSD and BPD together, but researchers have looked a little deeper at those with BPD alone vs those with BPD complicated by PTSD. PTSD aggravates some, but certainly not all symptoms of BPD. Symptoms that are most aggravated most by the addition of PTSD include affect dysregulation, intrusions, dissociation, suicide attempts, and self-mutilation.?? Of these, dissociation may be at least partly related to underlying childhood sexual abuse as a risk factor in both disorders. BPD Diagnosis BPD is part of a group of mental disorders that are referred to as personality disorders by the  5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  (DSM-5). According to the DSM-V, personality disorders represent a long-standing pattern of problematic behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that often start in adolescence or early adulthood.?? BPD is made up of the following symptoms: Persistent and extreme efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment by othersA pattern of unstable, intense, and stormy relationships where the person may frequently shift between idealizing and devaluing their partnerProblems with identity, self-image or a sense of who one really isBeing impulsive in ways that are problematic or damaging (for example, engaging in substance use, sexual promiscuity, reckless driving, binge eating, etc.)Recurring  suicidal acts or threats, or  deliberate self-harm.Frequent and intense mood swingsConstant feelings of emptinessThe intense experience of anger and/or difficulties controlling angerParanoia or  dissociation  that comes and goes as a result of experiencing stress?? To receive a diagnosis of BPD, you need to exhibit at least 5 of these symptoms. Of course, as with all mental disorders, only a mental health professional can provide a diagnosis of BPD. Treatment There are a number of effective treatments available for PTSD. Seeking out treatment for BPD, such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) may also help reduce PTSD symptoms and address BPD symptoms. Many of the skills taught in DBT (for example, emotion regulation, being effective in interpersonal relationships) may address some of the problems seen among people with PTSD.?? Finally, there are some good self-help resources available for BPD as well that may help with both disorders. A Word From Verywell BPD and PTSD are related in several ways. Seeing that the consequences with regard to many of these symptoms are amplified by the co-diagnosis, it is important for those suffering from the combination of conditions to seek out help. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs of 2020

Thomas Hobbes Theory Of Natural Law - 1794 Words

For many years now, political philosophy has been dealing with ideas on how to make society more moral, unprejudiced and just. Within this concept is whether laws and rules created in society are moral and fair and how these can vary between human beings and traditions. Therefore the whole notion of Natural Law governing society has been reached from different conclusions, which in turn sees Thomas Hobbes’ social contract theory as opposing to St. Thomas Aquinas’ theory of natural law. Yet this does not change the fact that many Western democracies base their moral decision-making within Hobbes’ concept. (Kenney, 2005) The theory formulated by Hobbes, argued that the laws of nature are to be seen as divine law, in which all human beings are bound by these basic natural laws of self-preservation which directs them to the way of the good. (Murphy, 2011) Hobbes rejected the concept of higher law and argued that the citizens ought to accept the traditional laws and principles of their state even if they were oppressive in order to keep peace and security. (Kraynak, 1990) In contrast to this, St. Thomas Aquinas, who was heavily influenced by Aristotle’s ideas of ‘universal’ and ‘conventional’ law and expanded and developed them. (Vieru, 2010) His ideas centre his notion of natural law, with his knowledge of God. He bases his theory of natural law in the concept of an eternal law, which is in God. For Aquinas, law is an order of reason from God for all of the community. (SummaShow MoreRelatedEssay about Phi-286 Mod 3 Wa 1827 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 1 Can you show how Jeffersons theory of revolution (found in its shortest form in the Declaration of Independence) follows from John Lockes theory of government? Could it follow from Hobbess theory of government? Under what circumstances? Thomas Jeffersons theory of revolution seems to follow specific criteria from Thomas Hobbes original foundation, which was further expanded upon by John Locke and ultimately fine tuned by Thomas Jefferson. To get an understanding how these threeRead MoreJohn Locke And Thomas Hobbes1287 Words   |  6 PagesLocke and Thomas Hobbes were both political philosophers who developed theories about how the government should work. They set up their theories around The Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. Although John Locke and Thomas Hobbes had a similar goal, their beliefs and opinions were definitely not the same. John Locke and Thomas Hobbes both believed in the Natural Law and the Social Contract Theory. They both developed and worked their theories and philosophies around Saint Thomas Aquinas definitionRead MoreTopic sentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but1300 Words   |  6 Pagessentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but inconsistent with the traditional view. This can be seen through the similarities and differences found when comparing Thomas Hobbes theory, and Thomas Aquinas’ theory in regards to their view of man’s ultimate goal, their definition of natural law in regards to its relationship with human rationality, and lastly how they view the meaning and relationship of divine providence and religion in natural law. The followingRead MoreEssay about Thomas Hobbes Concept of Natural Law1662 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Hobbes’ concept of natural law is shown in his theory of the state of nature, the pre-state environment, and consists of two laws: individuals have to pursue a peaceful life, and are allowed to defend their existence by any means possible. This has particular ramifications in the formation of civil society, especially in terms of loyalty, morality and the relationship between man and the leviathan that is the state. Hobbes’ theory has two of flaws in particular – the logic in his theory ofRead MoreThomas Hobbes and John Locke Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHobbes and Locke John Locke and Thomas Hobbes were famous political Theorists among other things in their time. Hobbes who was born 40 years before Locke had a very different perspective to Locke and both will be examined more through this essay. Even though many of there theories were different in the sixteenth century Hobbes and Locke s theories became closer as the rise of the state and decline of the feudal system brought about the question of authority. Read MoreSocial And Political Order : Seat Belt Laws1102 Words   |  5 PagesSocial and Political Order: Seat Belt Laws Social and Political theories aim to define the relationships between government and citizen, and concerns the organization and basis of government. (Merriam-Webster, n.d). In application, the necessity to find a balance between two primary theories becomes apparent. Modern day social and political theories can largely be attributed to ideas of two individuals, Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau. Hobbes believed major government influence was a necessityRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx843 Words   |  4 PagesLocke, Thomas Hobbes, and Karl Marx In the idea of human nature; origin of state, the nature of government, the rights of regulation can be drawn as the reflection of insightful philosophies of John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Karl Marx. By understanding this within the context of human nature, we can see their ideas play to how they perceive a modern philosophy. Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto illustrates the desire to build a society without economic classes. John Lockes Political Theory claimsRead MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows J ohn Locke’s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as inRead MoreOn Why Hobbes Is More Reasonable Than Locke1003 Words   |  5 PageskeOf all the social contract theories that have been put forth, the most influential perhaps have been John Locke’s and Thomas Hobbes’. While both are Natural Law theorists, they have completely different views of man’s state of nature. John Locke thinks of man in a natural state as a peaceful, social being while Thomas Hobbes thinks of man as an aggressive and greedy man. Both theorists also showed that man doesn’t live in a state of nature, social contracts will be formed to govern the populaceRead MoreThomas Hobbes Biography And View On Justice1447 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hobbes Introduction Thomas Hobbes sees human from a mechanistic view that life is simply the motions of the organism believes that a state of nature in human kind will eventually become a state of war of all against all. He attempted to justify the absolute power of the sovereign on the basis of a hypothetical social contract in which individuals seek to protect themselves from one another by agreeing to obey the sovereign in all matters. The key element in Hobbes’s view on human nature

Existentialism vs. Naturalism in Native Son - 1657 Words

When I was recently suffering from the dreaded sweet tooth syndrome, I hadn’t the slightest clue that the result would lead to a personal and universal philosophical debate worthy of comparison to Richard Wright’s Native Son. I found a bag of Dove milk chocolates in my cupboard, and proceeded to snack mindlessly. If you have ever had a Dove chocolate bar, you may know that the foil wrappers include adorable anecdotes, encouraging you to â€Å"take a well-deserved bubble bath†, or reminding you that â€Å"when two hearts race, both win†. After merely two chocolates (I swear), I came across a wrapper that I found somewhat hysterical in nature. â€Å"Follow your instincts,† it beckoned, and I wanted to laugh out loud. What did this even mean? I began to†¦show more content†¦Both philosophical means of studying human nature â€Å"belongs to intellectual history†. They strive to bring a strong sense of objectivity and â€Å"coldness† to their studies. They are based upon reasoning and logic, and want to see human beings scientifically. The key difference between naturalism and existentialism is the exercise of free will, and the individual’s ability to find meaning in their life. Naturalist perspective argues that humans cannot dictate their own lives. Their belief is that an individual’s life is determined by its environment, heredity, circumstances, and so forth, whereas existentialists are based upon the concept of the individual acting out of free will. The purpose of life is to reject outside authorities or impacts on one’s life. Therefore the essential question referring to Native Son is; does Bigger take control of his own life, or is his life established by his surrounding circumstances? The plot of Native Son contains examples of both existentialism (arguably) and naturalism. Primary models of existentialism would be the Bigger’s murders of Mary Dalton and Bessie. His reac tion is not one of regret, but one of euphoria; â€Å"He had done this. He had brought all this about. In all of his life these two murders were the most meaningful things that had ever happened to him.† Bigger’s possibilities have always been stunted by racism, but after these murderous acts, he is â€Å"free† to act (and to live with the consequences

Mary Kay Ash free essay sample

Mary Kay Ash Mary Kay products have been available for nearly 50 years. Using her total life savings of $5,000 the founder Mary Kay Ash started her business, a single mother of three trying to support her children. Putting god first, family second and career third she managed to create a multibillion-dollar international company that would reflect her values along with a fulfilling life (Ash, 1995). Early Years One of Mary Kays believes was that one should not reveal her age. The exact birth year of Mary Kay is unknown but thought to have been around 1916. She was the youngest of four children of Edward and Lula Wagner of Hot Wells, TX. With her father being ill with tuberculosis it was her responsibility to cook, clean and care for her father while her mother was working. School years for Mary Kay were great but the circumstances her parents were unable to send her to college. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Kay Ash or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the time Mary Kay was seventeen she was married and went on to have three children of her own (www. notablebiographies. com). She began studying to become a doctor and selling part time for Stanley Home Products in Houston, TX, but soon learned that selling was her trait. In 1952, Mary Kay began working for a company in Dallas, TX by the name of World Gift Company in sales. After 25 years of corporate sales she decided to call it quits (Ash, 1995). Change For Mary Kay she was upset for the way she had been treated in the male-dominated business world. Mary Kay turned her attention to writing which turned out to be the business plan for her operation. In 1963, Mary Kay took her savings of $5,000 and the help of her son Richard Rogers and opened her first store in Dallas, TX. With only nine beauty consultants that she called her team, she began what today is Mary Kay Inc. The first year of operation the team made nearly $200,000 (Stefoff, 1992). Known for the Pink Cadillacs that were given as incentives for top sales directors, Mary Kay thought the most effective strategies would be incentives. Diamond bee pins were also another incentive that kept her team to doing their very best. With such incentives her team made her company a great success. As the companys growth continued, new products were added with sales the first two years nearly a $1 million (Allen, n. d). Later Years In 1981, Mary Kay published her life story selling over a million copies. She called it quits with the company in 1987 and retired becoming chairman of the company. Mary Kays PL, not profit and loss but People and Love (Ash, 1995). With thirty-seven markets world wide, and well over 350,000 consultants, Mary Kay Inc. now makes over $1 billion in sales in nineteen different countries (Allen, n. d). The company went public in 1968, but went private again in 1985. To this day, it remains one of the largest firms in the US (Stefoff, 1992). Fortune Magazine has listed Mary Kay as one of the five hundred largest companies since 1992. Also listed in the book The 100 Best Companies to Work for in America, which now employs over 475 thousand people (www. notablebiographies. com). Conclusion Despite her conservative views, conventional approach to combining family and job responsibilities, and ultra feminine appearance, Mary Kay was a tough business woman with a large knowledge of marketing and sales. She helped innumerable women to careers and to the financial security that derives from earning ones own money. Though her personal views may not be typical of other women who have strived for their civil rights, Mary Kay nevertheless encouraged and empowered legions of women. Through her belief in womens abilities and her willingness to give them a chance, she made the dream of self-sufficiency a reality for hundreds of thousands of women worldwide. She was a tough businesswomen with a huge knowledge of marketing and sales. For women Mary Kay was one of top 10 places to work. She gave many women worldwide a chance for success and living a dream that for many may have never happened. Mark Kay had the determination to make the business a huge success and change the lives of women all across the world. References Ash, M (1995). Mary Kay: You Can have It All. Rocklin, CA: Prima Stefoff, R (1992).

Swat Analysis of a Hotel free essay sample

In August 2007 Dalata Ltd was establisched by Mr Pat McCann and TVC Holdings. Mr McCann purchased eleven hotels in Ireland with support from Davy Private Clients. Maldron Hotels Brand was introduced in September 2008, which includes 10 three-star and four-star hotels in key locations throughout Ireland. Maldron Hotel Cardiff was first opened in UK in May 2011. The main strategy was to develop the Maldron Hotel brand in Ireland and UK. In 2009 the company formed Dalata Management Services Ltd to operate hotels on a management contract basis on behalf of their owners, as it offers partner Hotels within the group. Currently the company has 15 partner hotels which inludes 3, 4 and 5 star hotels in Ireralnd. Currently Dalata Hotel group operates 26 hotels in Ireland and UK which inludes 4500 bedrooms and cca 2500 employees. This makes Dalata Ireland’s largest hotel operator. Description of industry or sector Hotels belong into hospitality industry. The Hospitality sector includes all businesses that provide food, beverages and or accommodation. We will write a custom essay sample on Swat Analysis of a Hotel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This includes restaurants, pubs, bars and clubs, hotels, contact catering and hospitality services. The industry is known for its fast pace, hard work and high turnover. Organization Chart SWAT ANALYSIS Strengths Location – Maldron hotel Smithfield is located in Dublin 7. The location is just 5 minutes from the citz centre and 2 minutes from the Luas stop just opposite the hotel there is Jameson Distillery wich is one of the most popular tourist attractions. We have a sister hotel Parnell Square which is located in city centre. Location is our strength because if the hotel is situated I a good area it gives more opportunities to out guest. For example: any tourist who is looking for a hotel which is near to the tourist attraction or city centre it makes their life easier. Location plays a very important role. This becomes the strentgth of the hotel because most of the tourist and guest looks for a better location of a hotel. Management- another strength of this industry is the management. As the staff plays a verz omprtant rote. A friendly management changes the atmosphere. For example: if the guests are treated in a friendly manner and helped and looked after every tiny thing, the guest will always book themselves in the same hotel. This makes increase in the sales and gives a better name to the industry/property. Management becomes the most important strength of the industry. Trip Advisor In my opinion trip advisor is also one of the strengths of any hospitality management. As the review on trip advisor helps the management to improve in a better way. For example: lot of people booked their hotels after reading the reviews of the hotel. Theis is actually controlling the decision making powe of an individual, and it becomes the strength of any management. Quality/costing quality depends on costing. It has been said that if the hotel is more expensive it has better quality of everything but in my opinion it’s not true. No matter what the costing is the quality have to be the best. The Maldron group if hotel quality is same everywhere and its been the best in costins as well which makes its strength. It leads to customer’s satisfaction both in quality and costing. Public relation Public Relation is one of the most important strength of any industry. Its considered as building the image in public. Ithe image is build properly in front of the public it’s a big success. The Maldron group of hotels public relation is very strong because the hotels word of mout also works really nicely. It becomes the most extra ordinary strength. Weeknesses The term weeknesses does not mean that the industry is poor or bad. It just mention some points which leads the industry into a week name. If I talk about ourselves we all have some weekneses inside ourselves , which leads us for a better improvement. Slow service in the restaurant – Sometimes what happens that a lot of group of people arrived for lunch or dinner at the same time. Theis affects the services in the Restaurant. I personally would cal it a week point because when the clients are not been served on time there whore attitude changes towards the hotel, which leads to the weeknesses to f the restaurant service. I believe if the hoel hire more staff in the restaurant this weeknes would not be there. Advertising department – I feel that the advertising department needs to be omrove a little bit, as there is very less advertisement of the hotel which leads to less awareness of certain packages which our offered on a weekly basis. If the advertisement is done properly it will lead to mere berrer results. You van consider this as a major weekness of this industry. For example: I booked in the hotel through trip advisor and when I arrived I see that other guest are getting a free voucher for drink because they booke the package. And I as an individual was not aware of it anyhow it disappoint me at last that I booked same dates as the other but because I didn’t know about the package I can not injoy the free drinks. Its all because of the less descripted advertisement. Opportunities Career options – in an hospitality management there are loads of career options, gaining an experience in such field gives a better career options. Because its experience is beeb counted every where. Whether it’s a medical field or a marketing job. Hospitality is that field which is needed in all industry. Changing customer tastes – ther is an opportunity in changing customer tastes as an industry we are so powerfull that we can with customer tastes and we can change their mind. For example : if a customer has never tried some particular thing we can guide them to try it and as word of mout is so strong it makes the customer do that. New Distribution Channels – Basically the definition of a distribution channel is a path through which goods an services flow in one direction (from vendor to the consumer) and the payments generated by them that flow in the opposite direction (from consumer to the vendor) in this manner we have an opportunity for new distribution channels which helps in a long run and maintain a long term relationship. Threats Competition – is the biggest therat of this industry, I believe its everywhere the same treat. We all are scared of our competitors which threats for the competition. We need to be very careful and sensitive about our competitor . W hat I personally feel about this threat is if we know what’s happening with our competitors we would do better. For example: if Maldron has a rate of eur 69 per night and our competitors have the rate of 59 automaticaly all the clients will book themselves to a cheaper hotel that time they will not see the wuality at all. This competition leads to a bad threat for any industry. This needs to be taken cate in a very systematic way. Recession – is one of the major threats in any industry. For example: any country who his the recision it affects all the business in some manner. If I talk about the hospitality industry they start cutting he wages and fours of an individual which affects an individual in a bad way. Recesion becomes a main cause in a progress of an industry. If the wages are gerring cut it definitely affects the performance. It’s the biggest drawback of an hospitality industry.

buy custom Dental Hygiene Program essay

buy custom Dental Hygiene Program essay Coming from a different cultural background I always had a difficulty in communicating with people as English was my second language. Taking ESL class to help me with my grammar changed me and my life. Initially, I was very timid when I had to speak up in front of the classroom, fearing that people would laugh at me. But I came across other students in my ESL class, who had just moved from different countries and could not even read English. I noticed that as much as I was encountering problems with my English, these other students were having even a harder time. And so my timidity turned to a need to help these students to feel more comfortable in the new environment and help them to cope. With this constant interaction with these students from diverse cultures, I became good friends with a lot of people. In the end, I developed a better understanding and acceptance of others. My ESL teacher became very impressed and rewarded me for helping other students. These experiences progress ively helped to build my confidence and motivated me to pursue excellence in my studies. My interest in dental hygiene started before I got to high school. But it was upon starting high school that it became more profound. And I was fortunate to be selected from one of the sixty students for the Career Day Program at Westlake High School to shadow Dr. Stephen Widner and his staff through a workers perspective. His staff consisted of a surgical techician, a dental hygienist, and registered nurse. Everyday I was exposed to a variety of dental procedures such as cleaning, dental implants, extractions, and jaw surgeries. I especially enjoyed working with a dental hygienist named Cheri, whom I shadowed in patient-care procedures such as doing X-rays, cleanups and removing plaques, as well as teaching patients how to take care of their oral hygiene. The patients who visited were not just from diverse cultures, but also of different ages and coming from different socioeconomic conditions. I witnessed the compassionate spirit in the dental office, which tremendously helped me to improve my communication skills with people. And obviously, I learned more about the field and also got a better understanding about dental hygiene. I was also involved in the American Students Dental Association (ASDA) at the University of Texas, San Antonio. Through ASDA, I interacted with many other students from different cultural backgrounds who shared my interests, as well as professionals in different interrelated fields. Through their knowledge and experiences, I explored further dental hygiene and more detailed. For instance, I was again privileged to shadow Dr. Farrah Agahi DMD, MSD, in her orthodontics office. Her willingness to let me assist her and her staff exposed me to a number of procedures and gave me hands-on experience. Watching her work made mee see the importance of eye-and-hand coordination. Drawing involves more than just passion. It involves accuracy as well, which requires a close coordination between the eye and the hand. This opportunity was a very unique and interesting experience in a dental office. One major lesson that I learnt throughout all these experiences was that when two cultures come together, there is an interaction and exchange of ideas and values, which promotes better growth and understanding of knowledge. My ability to interact and accept people of different cultures from my own will assist me in bringing students from different cultures together. Upon completing my studies on dental hygiene, I would like to gain more experience working hands-on with patients in the dental office. I look forward to being the one to offer assurances as a dental care provider to underprivileged people and teach them the relationship between oral hygiene and how it is related to our general health. TheUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio is the place for me to be. It has created the perfect set of programs and curriculum that would assist me in accomplishing my goals. It would be an honor to be given an opportunity to study in your school. A school which draws hard-working students from allover the world and, as a result, presents diversity, and will make a perfect environment for me to study. Buy custom Dental Hygiene Program essay

Wilma Rudolph Quotes

Wilma Rudolph Quotes The fastest woman in the world at the 1960 Olympics where she won three gold medals, Wilma Rudolph wore metal braces on her legs as a child. Known for her dignity and grace, Wilma Rudolph died of brain cancer in 1994. Selected Wilma Rudolph Quotations Never underestimate the power of dreams and the influence of the human spirit. We are all the same in this notion. The potential for greatness lives within each of us. My doctors told me I would never walk again. My mother told me I would. I believed my mother. The triumph cant be had without the struggle. And I know what struggle is. I have spent a lifetime trying to share what it has meant to be a woman first in the world of sports so that other young women have a chance to reach their dreams. I dont consciously try to be a role model, so I dont know if I am or not. Thats for other people to decide. I tell them that the most important aspect is to be yourself and have confidence in yourself. I remind them the triumph cant be had without the struggle. No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helps you. I thought Id never get to see that. Florence Griffith Joyner every time she ran, I ran. about her leg braces: I spent most of my time trying to figure out how to get them off. But when you come from a large, wonderful family, theres always a way to achieve your goals. I walked with braces until I was at least nine years old. My life wasnt like the average person who grew up and decided to enter the world of sports. My mother taught me very early to believe I could achieve any accomplishment I wanted to. The first was to walk without braces. I ran and ran and ran every day, and I acquired this sense of determination, this sense of spirit that I would never, never give up, no matter what else happened. By the time I was 12 I was challenging every boy in our neighborhood at running, jumping, everything. The feeling of accomplishment welled up inside of me, three Olympic gold medals. I knew that was something nobody could ever take away from me, ever. When I was going through my transition of being famous, I tried to ask God why was I here? what was my purpose? Surely, it wasnt just to win three gold medals. There has to be more to this life than that. What do you do after you are world famous and nineteen or twenty and you have sat with prime ministers, kings and queens, the Pope? Do you go back home and take a job? What do you do to keep your sanity? You come back to the real world. When the sun is shining I can do anything; no mountain is too high, no trouble too difficult. I believe in me more than anything in this world. Related Resources for Wilma Rudolph Women in Track and FieldWomen in the Olympics Explore Womens Voices and Womens History Womens Voices - About Womens QuotesPrimary SourcesBiographiesToday in Womens HistoryWomens History Home About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis 1997-2005. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. Citation information:Jone Johnson Lewis. Wilma Rudolph Quotes. About Womens History. URL: http://womenshistory.about.com/od/quotes/wilma_rudolph.htm . Date accessed: (today). (More on how to cite online sources including this page)

Software evaluation Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Software evaluation - Thesis Example laces of education, computers are used and the basic applications that are used in educational institutions are the applications of MS Office (Roblyer 2005). For creating a document, MS Word is used, for calculation and listings, MS Excel is used, for making presentations, MS PowerPoint is used, for sending email, MS Outlook is used and for generating a database, MS Access is used (Mendelson 2006). All the mentioned applications are part of the MS Office package that is mostly used in educational institutions to accommodate the students with all kinds of knowledge that they are going to encounter in their professional lives. With the improvement of technology, the applications of MS Office are made better and new applications are introduced in the MS office package due to which, many tasks related to documentation, calculation, information gathering, information sending, record keeping and many other tasks are becoming much easier to perform. At educational level, the teachers and the administration staff has to consider various issues concerning the education of students. The teachers are required to develop a strategy for the students so that they can get the best kind of education with all the latest technology (Software Evaluation Sheets 1985). For educational purposes, the administrative staff along with the teachers should choose suitable software for the students that should be taught to them (Roblyer 2005). MS office is such software that is very significant on educational level and the teachers should select this software for the educational purpose (Squires and McDougall 1994). The package of MS office contains MS Word, MS Excel, MS Access, MS PowerPoint and MS Outlook that are employed on educational level generally. The package contains more applications but at educational level, only the applications that are mentioned above are employed by students, teachers and other related people (Ivers 1997). All of the applications of MS office accommodate

Course review of the semester Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course review of the semester - Coursework Example The most common of all civilizations recorded in the Indian history is the Indus Civilization. When analyzing the history of the ancient civilization, (Srinivas, 2004, p.58) argues that the Indus Civilization began in the Bronze Age stage of human evolution. Among the three prehistoric culture, the Indus Civilization was the most widespread covering an approximate area of over a million square kilometers. The other civilizations were Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Another surprising fact about the Indus Civilization is that its inhabitants developed techniques such as metallurgy (melting metals such as copper and tin) and handcraft (carving and basketry). Furthermore, the civilization had cities with excellent urban plans such as drainage system, water supply system and huge residential buildings. The Vedic era was characterized by the Aryan culture that was associated with Vedas. In his work, (Srinivas, 2004) describes the Vedas as texts that are sacred to Hindu. In addition, the Vedic civilization, which lasted up to 500BC, forms the foundation of Hinduism religion and many other Indian cultural aspects. The era of the Vedic civilization marked the genesis of the present day India. Most of the current day states of the art technology can trace their roots on the Indus and Vedic civilizations. In India, religion forms a foundation in major areas of life. According to (Srinivas, 2004, p.60), about 85 percent of Indians adhere to Hindu religion while the rest are mainly Muslims. Just like Indian gods and goddesses. Hinduism has many dimensions depending on location and caste. Indians follow dharma as their moral codes while Vedas are considered as being the sacred texts. Spiritually, (Srinivas, 2004, p.63), declares that Indians believe in reincarnation. In the belief, life is a continuous process of death and rebirth. According to the belief, when someone dies, a rebirth takes place

What Is Organization? Essay -- Management

To organize means to determine what activities are necessary for a specific purpose and to encourage them in groups, which are assigned to individuals. An organisation is a complex social system, which brings together many individuals for a given purpose. It is also an arrangement of personnel to facilitate the accomplishment of a given purpose through the allocation of functions and responsibilities. To further understand the definition of organisation let us consider the definition developed by Max Weber. Like any other field of study, and like organisation themselves, organizational analysis has a tradition. That tradition leans heavily on Max Weber, who is known for his analysis of bureaucracy and authority, topics that will be considered later. Weber also concerned himself with the more general definitions of organisation. In his definition he first distinguishes the "corporate group" from other forms of social organisation (Weber, 1947). The corporate group involves "a social relationship with either closed or limits the admission of outsiders by rules... so far as its order is enforced by the action of specific individuals whose regular function this is, of a chief or `head' and usually also a administrative staff." This aspect of the definition contains a number of elements that need further discussion, since they are basic to most other such definition. In the first place, organisation involves social relationship. That is, individuals interact within the organization. However as the reference to closed or limited boundaries suggests, these individual are not simply in random contact. The organisation (corporate group) includes some parts of the population and exc... ...inciples, developing models of organisation that were overly rational and mechanistic. The Type 2 theorist, to a large degree, represented a counterpoint to the rational-mechanistic view. The current stage of organisation theory more fully reflects the contribution of the type 3. Contingency advocates have taken the insights provided by the earlier theorists and reframed them in a situational context. Nevertheless, we should not conclude that the findings of the earlier management thinkers would be useless in the future. For, example many of the concepts developed by early classical writers are still of value today; the study of the management task in terms of functions performed and the use of management principle as guides to actions are still very much with us and are expected to remain valuable. Few who manage will be able to escape at least some of their impact.

Individual Learner Difference In Second Language Acquisition Education Essay

SLA ( Second linguistic communication acquisition ) is a procedure through which an person learns a 2nd linguistic communication as an extra linguistic communication after holding learned a native linguistic communication already. SLA involves wide research and is considered a subdivision of applied linguistics. The construct is besides related to instruction, neuroscience sociolinguistics, and psychological science. Learning a 2nd linguistic communication is non an easy undertaking, this is a pattern that involves committedness, survey, dedication, patient every bit good as clip in order to develop. Peoples who learn a 2nd linguistic communication do non make it because is merely a compulsory topic at school, but because they feel encouraged to larn it, sing factors such us, communicating with aliens, academic surveies and better chances to happen a good occupation. Research has shown that there are differences among 2nd linguistic communication scholars that significantly affect linguistic communication acquisition success. As a consequence, the survey of single differences ( IDs ) particularly in linguistic communication acquisition motive and linguistic communication aptitude has been attributed to researches on L2 surveies dating back to the sixtiess. Motivation is what guides people to carry through and be successful in all countries of life. Sing the schoolroom environment, this term is the footing of how enthusiastic or unwilling pupils are to larn and the counsel force to keep the extended and sometimes boring learning procedure. Both the grade of motive and educational success often seem to travel manus in manus, which can be clearly observed throughout the instruction pattern. This essay seeks to research and discourse in item one person scholar difference in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition, which is motive. Apart from specifying the term, sing different writers, the essay will besides include the analysis of the assorted types of motive, every bit good as, the function motive plays in 2nd linguistic communication schoolrooms. And eventually, ways of furthering motive will be proposed. The term Motivation in SLA One of the single scholar differences in SLA is motive, which is a term hard to specify, since its significance could depend on the persons and their civilizations. Dornyei ( 2002: 1 ) says that motive â€Å" is best seen as a wide umbrella term that covers a assortment of significances † , but at the same time this writer besides describes motive as the factor in charge of finding why persons decide to transport out an action, the sum of attempt people invest in the undertakings every bit good as the rate of doggedness people put when finishing assorted activities. Alike Dornyei, Passer and Smith ( 2004: 327 ) perceive motive as â€Å" a procedure that influences the way, continuity and energy of purposive behavior † . Harmonizing to Gardner ( 1985 ) , motive is what makes people to move towards a given state of affairs. Taking into consideration all these definitions which province what the term of motive is, it can be deduced that the construct refer to some type of energy that guides persons to set about a undertaking in their lives. The motivated linguistic communication scholar Lightbown and Spada ( 2002 ) point out that motive is a factor that plays an of import function in linguistic communication acquisition success. In the context of linguistic communication acquisition is what pushes a student to derive cognition of the English linguistic communication. The importance of motive in relation to accomplishing the ends of larning English as a Second Language harmonizing to Naiman et Al, ( 1978 ) is that it gives the scholar the ability to digest ambiguity ; a demand for accomplishment ; a positive orientation towards the undertaking ; high aspirations ; ego engagement ; doggedness and end orientation. Therefore, a motivated linguistic communication pupil is a individual who has positive attitudes towards the mark linguistic communication. These attitudes are shown when the 2nd linguistic communication scholar makes attempts to get the linguistic communication and has a consistent desire of analyzing and detecting new and extra stuff. Furthermore, looking f or chances and ways where he or she will be able to set in pattern the mark linguistic communication. An extra manner of specifying a motivated scholar is when larning the 2nd linguistic communication is a comfy state of affairs for the learner, taking pleasance in the undertakings involved. Furthermore, a student that experience a high degree of motive will doubtless experience pleased about larning the linguistic communication. Research workers have arisen several accounts of what encourages scholars to analyze a foreign linguistic communication ; they have found that motivational factors are cardinal at the clip of talking about 2nd linguistic communication success. Types of motive As it was mentioned earlier, there are diverse significances for motive in SLA, irrespective of the words they fundamentally refer to the same impression. Besides, there are different factors which slightly vary depending on the writers ‘ points of position. I will mention in this essay to the different types of motive, taking into consideration different writers. Extrinsic and Intrinsic motive: The words extrinsic and intrinsic are to some extent complicated, given that both footings do non look to hold a clear definition in the field of 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. Passer and Smith ( 2004 ) citation extrinsic and intrinsic motive, even though Noels ( 2002 ) uses the footings extrinsic and intrinsic orientations. For these writers, Passer and Smith and Noel, extrinsic signifies that people carry out an action to carry through an external end or evade penalty, while by intrinsic motive the writers wholly mean that pupils do activities, due to the satisfaction they get from the undertakings themselves. Activities that motivate pupils per se are likened to gratifying activities, merriment, or things that pupils do out of their ain pick. Some of the conducted surveies assert that per se actuating activities lead to improved acquisition by the pupils. The difference between Passer & A ; Smith ( 2004 ) and Noels ( 2002 ) is merely the impression motive and orientatio ns, in position of the fact that both footings involved different attacks of motive. The initial term proposes that the motive itself comes from outside or within ; while the term orientation suggests that it is instead the different triggers of motive that comes from outside or within. Although, Glasser ( 1996 ) does non utilize the footings intrinsic and extrinsic, he provides a 3rd path to see where motive comes from. He states that motive is produced seeking to fulfill the indispensable desires which all human existences own. For case, the demand of amusement. He points out that even if a individual is influenced by the environment, all motive still comes from inside the person, because it is he or she who truly choose whether or non and how to transport out an activity. Though I concur with Glasser that merely the persons are the 1s who make their ain determinations, I think that what motivates people, are factors which can be both external and internal. Alternatively, Garden and Lambet ( 1972 ) coined the undermentioned footings to sort motive. Integrative Motivation Garden and Lambet ( 1972 ) depict this term as the desire that the scholars have to familiarise themselves with the civilization of the cultural group that speaks the linguistic communication they intend to larn. Gardner ( 2002 ) himself perceives Integrativeness as one of the factors that conduct to motive for 2nd linguistic communication acquisition, and by this he suggests that whether scholars have the hope to come nearer the L2 community they will hold existent desire in larning and analyzing the 2nd linguistic communication. Besides, the term besides refers to the grade at which the scholar desires to understand the mark community. Basically, integrative motive refers to a scholar ‘s desire to spread out their association with the community that they are aiming. Saville – Troike, ( 2005 ) affirm that the chief triggers of this type of motive are emotions or affectional factors. For case, a Chilean male child who come to populate in London for a clip, run into an En glish miss and autumn in love with her. He will hold the desire and motive to larn English in order to pass on with his girlfriend and integrate into the new civilization and go portion of the community. As Chile is chiefly a monocultural society, opportunities to use the 2nd linguistic communication in day-to-day conversations are reasonably limited. Therefore, scholars do non experience motivated to larn the 2nd linguistic communication to go portion of the community, since they merely need their first linguistic communication to interact. It can be discussed that integrative motive is an intrinsic factor, because it implies that larning a 2nd linguistic communication is more a concluding purpose itself instead than a mean to carry through a concluding end, due to the reliable desire on the acquisition undertakings ( Noels ( 2002 ) . Instrumental Motivation: One more term that Gardner and Lambert made up is instrumental motive which Lightbown & A ; Spada ( 2002: 56 ) introduce as â€Å" linguistic communication acquisition for more immediate or practical ends † . Very similar to integrative motive, instrumental motive besides sees linguistic communication acquisition as an instrument to carry through a end instead than the satisfaction in the action itself. However, what distinguishes both footings is the concluding purpose, which in integrative motive is the interaction in the L2 community while in instrumental motive the ultimate end is more practical, for case, obtaining a better occupation, calling developmental or go throughing tests. For most Chilean scholars of English instrumental motive is the cardinal component at the clip to larn English as a 2nd linguistic communication. For Lightbown & A ; Spada ( 2002 ) both types of motive are of import, they say that whether the pupils feel the necessity to interact in the 2nd linguistic communication in assorted societal state of affairss or to carry through academic and professional aspirations, the communicative value of the foreign linguistic communication will be perceived and hence, they will experience encouraged to acquire proficiency in the linguistic communication. I agree with the writers that both types of motive are of import to get a 2nd linguistic communication, However for Chilean people integrative motive is far to be seen as a ground to analyze the 2nd linguistic communication due to the fact that Chile, as I mentioned earlier, is a monocultural and monolingual society. Classroom Learning Motivation V. Language Learning Motivation When sing 2nd linguistic communication acquisition and motive, it is of import to set two motivational concepts into consideration. Research has shown that there are two classs of motive that should be put into history when discoursing SLA. This mainly trades with the difference that exists between schoolroom larning motive and linguistic communication learning motive. Language learning motive refers to the desire to larn a 2nd linguistic communication. Language learning motive includes evaluated 2nd linguistic communication acquisition, socio-educational representation ( Gardner, 1985 ) , the readiness to discourse theoretical account ( Clement, Dornyei, MacIntyre & A ; Noels, 1998 ) among others. It is the cosmopolitan type of motive that applies to any context of larning a linguistic communication. The cosmopolitan properties of the scholar relate to the demand to larn the linguistic communication. Clement ‘s ( 1980 ) societal context theoretical account, Gardner ‘s ( 1985 ) SLA social-education theoretical account among others, agree that the motive or desire to larn a 2nd linguistic communication is a characteristic that has considerable effects on the single although they are different when it comes to assessment, correlatives and ancestors. The other type of motive is the larning motive in a schoolroom. Harmonizing to Heckhausen and Kuhl ( 1985 ) , classroom-learning motive is the general educational psychological science as described by Dornyei ‘s theoretical account of post-actional, actional, and pre-actional motive theoretical account. Although it is seen to be an of import portion to motive as a whole, the SLA socio-educational theoretical account by Gardner, ( 1985 ) , characterizes it. The chief focal point is the individual ‘s position on the mission to be achieved and to a big extent, it is province oriented. This means that a figure of issues that are related to the linguistic communication category will impact the person ‘s perceptual experience. As a consequence, the ambiance in the category, the instructor, the contents of the class, installations and stuffs combined with the pupil ‘s personal properties will impact the individual ‘s motive when it comes to classroom acquisitio n. It is difficult to distinguish between the two classs of motive because they control the person at any peculiar clip. Therefore, it is of import to see both categories of motive operative. Merely every bit difficult as it is to specify motive, it is every bit hard to give an account to the significance of larning a 2nd linguistic communication. Harmonizing to Gardner, the motivational strength can merely be estimated from questionnaires based on an person ‘s attitude and is considered to be a concealed psychometric feature. Other educational patterns have applied the usage of indexs that have been observed from person ‘s behaviour in response to a given undertaking. This depends on the individual ‘s choice of undertakings, which is determined by the degree of trouble, the doggedness of the scholar to undertake the job at manus, the extent at which an person participates in a group or category activities, the span of attending and focal point, or the qualitative info rmation available on spoken studies of self-regulation and self-monitoring. The new research plan by Crookes and Schmidt ( 1991 ) includes the promotions made in the cosmopolitan educational, which has narrowed to the field of linguistic communication larning motive. This directs its focal point on persons, the attacks that the scholar might implement in the acquisition procedure, the acquisition contexts, and the discernible behavior of category members. Following the origin of the new lineation, the countries of involvement have shifted to the scholar as an person. In Covington ‘s self-worthy theory ( 1998 ) , the importance of the scholar ‘s thoughts were emphasized, their ain beliefs, the scheme they use, and the degree of their desire to cover with the undertaking at manus. The self- efficaciousness construct by Bandura ( 1997 ) is a really of import related characteristic which assesses the degree at which scholars gauge their possible and their ain direction. Persons who have this ability come up with an efficient motivational thought sche me and are able to cut down the hazard of failure and increase their opportunities of success while depending less on outside obligatory steps and schemes. Motivation: Individual Learner Difference in Chilean Culture Clement and Noels ( 1996 ) indicate that the cultural scenes present different linguistic communication acquisition and single scholar differences. In the Chilean cultural scene, the motive to larn the English linguistic communication offer some challenges to the scholars due to most of the pupils who attend Chilean public schools are in societal hazard. In add-on, many of the scholars may be discouraged to set personal attempt in larning the linguistic communication because of the fact that they may non happen the linguistic communication utile outside the educational scene. Others may be of the sentiment that their opportunities of going to a state where English is spoken as a native linguistic communication are instead minimum. Furthermore, challenges that come with learning a category that has many pupils may impact the effectivity of the instructors and the quality of the lesson. This together with the small involvement towards larning the English linguistic communication may ac t upon negatively the motive to learn every bit good as the motive to larn. Fostering Motivation The best ways to further motive is to make a good environment, which is good for 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. This can be done by cut downing the figure of pupils per category to guarantee that the direction given by the English instructors is of good quality. The instructors should besides come up with programs that apply to both slow scholars and fast scholars so as to guarantee that those who do non hold on rapidly are non left far behind because this may demotivate them to go on larning. The schools may see originating exchange plans with schools where English is the native linguistic communication. This would give pupils the feeling that analyzing English is non an attempt in vain but a measure in the right way since it would assist them in procuring occupations and touring other parts of the universe. Furthermore, instructors should come up with a timetable that gives us adequate clip to fix for our categories by acquiring the necessary stuffs every bit good as ref lecting on the success of the plan. This would assist us in coming up with a better program to learn hence bettering our learning methodological analysis. It would besides assist instructors find ways of actuating their ain pupils. With the relevant governments guaranting that, schools are good equipped to learn English as a 2nd linguistic communication, pupils will be motivated to larn and instructors will be motivated to learn. Decision The above treatment has provided an analysis of motive as an single scholar difference. There have been legion research surveies researching single scholar differences, which have indicated that the chief ground why many L2 pupils fail while others win effortlessly is the presence of different pupil features such as linguistic communication aptitude, motive, or personality traits. The motive of the pupil is really of import in the acquisition procedure and is regarded as the cardinal factor that contributes to the success of SLA. Research has revealed that intrinsic motive is more successful than external or extrinsic motive over the long term. Some pupils ‘ larning rate is higher as compared to others. Some scholars are able to hold on rapidly and they go on to the degree of making near-native competency while slow scholars experience troubles in the early phases of the acquisition procedure. Recently conducted research has shown that this disparity is caused by the peculiar s cheme adopted by the scholar, motive, anxiousness, personality, every bit good as social and societal influences. Research has clearly shown that the strength of the pupil ‘s motive to its highest degree, including the cognitive, affectional, and behavioural constituents are the most of import facets towards success in SLA. Since the integrative motivation incorporates the facet of being unfastened to cultural designation as portion of the procedure, it tries to connote that integrating may be more affiliated to accomplishing highest degree of accomplishment as compared to other types of motive that do non hold this constituent. Classroom larning motive seems to be a system that encourages persons to get specific linguistic communication elements but for the pupils to be Masterss of the linguistic communication, more is needed. In my sentiment, the integrative motive provides the pupils with a better platform for SLA. A instructor ‘s function in the procedure of larning a 2nd linguistic communication is instead complicated but really of import. It surpasses the proviso of wages since the whole experience is dependent on the self-efficacy of the pupil. The instructor ‘s function entails supplying disputing yet supportive environment to let the pupils to larn and research their possible. The instructors are besides supposed to assist their pupils to develop their ain motivational thought by detecting their original orientation. The most ambitious facet in all of this is seeking to avoid anything that may de-motivate the pupils. Although it is really much possible to conceive of other signifiers of motive, the type of motive does non count really much. The difference that emerges between instrumental and integrative motive, or between extrinsic and intrinsic motive does really small in assisting us to understand the function that motive dramas in 2nd linguistic communication acquisition.

Essay On The Debate For And Against Religion In Public...

The debate for and against religion in public schools has weaved itself in and out of both court systems and the communities the many cases brought forward involved. While it was established early on that the state and those who represent the state could not display advancement of any particular religion, the focus on distinguishing that there are no favored religions became especially difficult. As many actions to equalize the ability to practice religions were taken, some saw those same actions as infringing of their own. The dichotomy was thus created which involved debating the best possible outcome between letting prayer into schools vs strictly keeping it out. The case for equal access started out as a push for students in secondary†¦show more content†¦While the Supreme Court did not directly address the substantive parts of the religion in secondary schools, it is one of the first cases that can be said to give credibility to equal access arguments. In the years to follow Bender v. Williamsport Area School District, Congress found itself in a constant state of debate over the legality involved with addressing the equal access issue. How to effectively push through the act proved difficult, and led to a decision needing to be made about a technicality in the type of speech it would protect. As Delfattore suggests, gridlock in Congress caused the act to undergo a change from religion-specific speech, to include any form of lawful student expression. This was due to some congressional member’s belief that the religious only approach would catapult religion into a privileged, not an equal, position (Delfattore 204). They noted under this act that while a school wouldn’t be able to deny any religious clubs, any clubs with a feminist orientation for instance could be denied, hence why the scope of the act was broadened. 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